Key Highlights
- India exports Basmati rice to more than 150 countries , with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, the UAE and Yemen among its leading international destinations.
- India exported approximately 6.52 million metric tonnes of Basmati rice worth US$5.67 billion in FY 2025-26 , according to APEDA.
- Saudi Arabia was the largest destination by export value, accounting for 16.62% of India's Basmati rice export revenue.
- Other important markets include the United States, United Kingdom, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Jordan.
- Traditional Basmati, Pusa Basmati 1121, Pusa Basmati 1509 and other recognised varieties cater to different international buyer requirements.
- Indian exporters must meet applicable APEDA registration, RCAC, documentation and destination-specific food safety requirements.
Introduction :
There are numerous types of non Basmati rice exported from India . These include Sona Masuri, Ponni, IR-64, Swarna, HMT and Kolam. These differ in terms of grain shape, texture, aroma, cooking characteristics and processing. Some are more commonly used for everyday consumption, whilst others are preferred for food processing, wholesale distribution and bulk procurement.
India has a strong presence in this sector due to its large production volumes, extensive milling industry and availability of various types of rice at competitive prices. In FY 2025-26, India exported approximately 15.04 million metric tonnes of non Basmati rice, worth US$5.86 billion (APEDA).
Below, we examine some of the main types of non Basmati rice exported from India , where they are cultivated, their key characteristics and potential applications. We also examine APEDA export data and some important considerations for buyers. The top varieties of non-basmati rice exported from India include both widely consumed commercial varieties and speciality regional rice.
What is Non Basmati Rice?
Non Basmati rice refers to any rice that is not classified as Basmati rice. Unlike Basmati rice, there are far more types of non Basmati rice available in India. These can be short-grain, medium-grain or long-grain varieties.
They are cultivated across various states in India and are available in numerous forms to cater to different buyer requirements.
Non Basmati rice can be exported in the following forms:
- Raw - Milled rice that has not been parboiled.
- Parboiled - Paddy rice that has been partially boiled or steamed.
- Steamed - Rice that has undergone steaming.
- Broken - Broken rice kernels.
- White Milled.
These are not different types of rice, but different processing forms. Depending on the mill, a particular variety can be supplied in different forms.
Main Types of Non Basmati Rice Exported from India
The major varieties of Indian non-basmati rice differ in their grain characteristics, regional origins, cooking properties and suitability for different markets. Some are preferred for everyday consumption, while others serve specific culinary and speciality requirements.
Sona Masuri
Sona Masuri is one of the most well-known types of non Basmati rice cultivated in Southern India. It is widely grown in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka.
It is a medium-grain rice with a light texture. It is available in raw and steamed forms.
Origin: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka.
Features:
- Medium grain.
- Light texture.
- Mild aroma.
- Soft when cooked.
Usage:
- Daily meals.
- Steamed rice.
- South Indian cuisine.
- Packaged rice.
Sona Masuri is popular among international buyers. It is a preferred choice among consumers familiar with South Indian cuisine. It is also an important variety for businesses supplying ethnic grocery stores.
Ponni
Ponni rice is widely consumed in Tamil Nadu. It is available in various grades and forms. It is supplied in both raw and parboiled forms.
Features:
- Medium grain.
- Mild flavour.
- Soft texture.
- Suitable for everyday consumption.
Usage:
- Daily meals.
- Steamed rice.
- Traditional South Indian dishes.
- Restaurants.
- Packaged rice.
Ponni rice is a preferred option for businesses looking to procure rice for South Indian consumers.
IR-64
IR-64 is a popular rice variety developed through agricultural research. It is cultivated in several rice-producing countries, including India.
It is widely preferred due to its versatility, consistency and suitability for bulk procurement.
Origin: Developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. It is cultivated across several rice-producing regions of India.
Features:
- Medium to long grain (depending on seed line and quality).
- Consistent grain characteristics.
- Suitable for bulk milling.
- Available in various specifications.
Usage:
- Cooking.
- Institutional supply.
- Food service.
- Packaged rice.
IR-64 is a suitable option for international buyers seeking a consistent supply of non Basmati rice.
Swarna
Swarna is an important type of non Basmati rice cultivated extensively across eastern and central India. It is widely grown in West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.
Features:
- Medium grain.
- Adapted to local growing conditions.
- Available in large volumes.
- Widely consumed for everyday meals.
Usage:
- Cooking.
- Institutional supply.
- Distribution.
- Bulk procurement.
Swarna remains an important variety within India's non Basmati rice industry.
HMT
HMT is a popular type of non Basmati rice, particularly in Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra.
It is available in the domestic market and can also be a preferred option for exporters.
Origin: Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Features:
- Medium grain.
- Distinctive cooking properties.
- Suitable for everyday consumption.
- Available in various milling grades.
Usage:
- Cooking.
- Packaged rice.
- Food service.
- Regional cuisine.
HMT rice is a preferred option for businesses looking to source rice from the western and southern regions of India.
Kolam
Kolam is a popular type of non Basmati rice consumed across western and central India. It is widely preferred in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Several varieties of Kolam rice are available in the market.
It is generally preferred for its cooking characteristics.
Origin: Maharashtra, Gujarat and parts of western and central India.
Features:
- Small to medium grain.
- Soft texture.
- Mild flavour.
- Suitable for everyday consumption.
Usage:
- Cooking.
- Steamed rice.
- Packaged rice.
- Food service.
Kolam rice is a popular option for businesses looking to supply Indian grocery stores.
Kalanamak
Kalanamak is a traditional aromatic rice variety widely cultivated in the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. It is recognised for its distinctive aroma.
Unlike regular commodity non Basmati rice, Kalanamak is regarded as a speciality rice.
Origin: Eastern Uttar Pradesh, particularly Siddharthnagar and surrounding areas.
Features:
- Distinctive natural aroma.
- Medium to small grain.
- Traditionally cultivated.
- Region-specific variety.
Usage:
- Premium packaged rice.
- Speciality food.
- Traditional preparations.
Kalanamak has been recognised with a Geographical Indication (GI).
Jeera Samba
Jeera Samba (also known as Seeraga Samba) is a speciality non Basmati rice variety widely preferred in Tamil Nadu.
Its small grain and distinctive aroma make it an important choice for traditional South Indian cuisine.
Origin: Tamil Nadu.
Features:
- Small grain with a distinctive aroma.
- Unique taste.
- Cooking characteristics differ from long-grain rice.
- Popular for speciality regional dishes.
Usage:
- Biryani.
- Traditional preparations.
- Speciality restaurants.
- Premium packaged rice.
Jeera Samba is a suitable option for exporters looking to supply buyers seeking speciality Indian rice varieties.
Matta
Matta (also known as Kerala Matta or Palakkadan Matta) is a traditional rice variety cultivated in Kerala. It is recognised by its reddish-brown husk.
It is commonly supplied in parboiled form and remains an important rice variety in traditional Kerala cuisine.
Origin: Kerala, particularly Palakkad.
Features:
- Reddish-brown appearance.
- Thick grain.
- Distinctive earthy taste.
- Commonly parboiled.
Usage:
- Traditional preparations.
- Steamed rice.
- Speciality cuisine.
- Ethnic food.
Palakkadan Matta rice has been recognised with a GI.
Gobindobhog
Gobindobhog is a traditional aromatic short-grain rice variety widely cultivated in West Bengal. It is preferred for its distinctive aroma and use in Bengali regional cuisine.
It is generally regarded as a speciality rice.
Origin: West Bengal, particularly Bardhaman.
Features:
- Short grain.
- Distinctive aroma.
- Soft texture.
- Traditionally cultivated.
Usage:
- Traditional Bengali dishes.
- Pulao.
- Khichdi.
- Speciality cuisine.
- Premium packaged rice.
Gobindobhog has been recognised with a GI. It is a suitable option for exporters looking to supply speciality food distributors.
Comparing Non Basmati Rice Types in India
| Rice Type | Region Grown | Grain | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sona Masuri | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka | Medium grain | Daily and packaged. |
| Ponni | Tamil Nadu | Medium grain | Daily and food service. |
| IR-64 | Multiple states. | Medium to long grain. | Bulk and institutional. |
| Swarna | Eastern and Central India. | Medium grain. | Daily and bulk. |
| HMT | Karnataka, Maharashtra. | Medium grain. | Packaged and regional. |
| Kolam | Maharashtra, Gujarat. | Small to medium grain. | Daily and packaged. |
| Kalanamak | Eastern Uttar Pradesh. | Aroma, medium to small grain. | Premium and speciality. |
| Jeera Samba | Tamil Nadu. | Small grain with aroma. | Biryani and speciality. |
| Matta | Kerala. | Reddish brown. | Parboiled. |
| Gobindobhog | West Bengal. | Short grain with aroma. | Premium regional food. |
Note: Grain sizes, cooking characteristics and quality will vary depending on the seed type, crop and milling.
APEDA Data on Non Basmati Rice Exports
India is one of the world's leading rice-exporting countries. Non Basmati rice accounts for a considerable proportion of its exports.
APEDA data shows that in FY 2025-26, India exported around 15.04 million metric tonnes of non Basmati rice. This was valued at approximately US$5.86 billion (₹51,892.30 crore).
The table below presents export figures over the past three years.
| Year | Quantity Exported | Value Exported |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | 11.12 million MT | US$4.57 billion |
| 2024-25 | 14.13 million MT | US$6.53 billion |
| 2025-26 | 15.04 million MT | US$5.86 billion |
Source: APEDA, 3 Year Statement of Export of APEDA Products. (DGCIS data).
The data shows that in FY 2025-26, India exported a higher volume of non Basmati rice than in the previous year. However, the export value was lower than in FY 2024-25. This can happen because prices fluctuate, as does the composition of rice varieties and the countries to which they are exported.
Top Countries Buying Non Basmati Rice from India
APEDA data identifies the following countries as the leading buyers of non Basmati rice in terms of export value.
| Country | % of Non Basmati Value Exported |
|---|---|
| Benin | 11.46% |
| Bangladesh | 9.29% |
| Guinea | 6.61% |
| Togo | 6.58% |
| Ivory Coast | 5.39% |
Source: APEDA, India's Export Analytical Report FY 2025-26.
Africa accounts for a considerable share of India's non Basmati rice exports. Benin, Guinea, Togo and Ivory Coast are important destinations. Bangladesh also remains an important regional market.
Each of these markets will have different requirements for grain size, processing, broken percentage, packaging and pricing. Exporters should carefully assess the specific requirements of their prospective buyers.
HS Codes for Non Basmati Rice Exports
Rice falls under HS Chapter 1006. Different types of rice are classified under different subheadings.
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| 100610 | Rice (husked, paddy or un-milled) |
| 100620 | Rice (de-husked, brown rice) |
| 100630 | Rice (semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or not polished or glazed) |
| 100640 | Broken rice. |
This is important information for exporters, importers and analysts. However, not every rice variety in India is identified by name under HS 1006. Sona Masuri, Ponni, IR-64 and Swarna are commercial or agricultural variety names. Exporters should confirm the applicable ITC-HS code for the rice variety they intend to export and the duties applicable in the destination country.
India also has more specific tariff codes. Specific codes for Basmati and other rice types exist. Exporters should verify the applicable ITC-HS code in India for the particular rice variety they are exporting.
Top Non Basmati Rice Producing States in India
India has several leading rice-producing states. APEDA identifies Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu among the top producers.
- West Bengal - An important rice-producing state. Popular types include Swarna and Gobindobhog.
- Uttar Pradesh - An important rice-producing region. It has several traditional varieties, including Kalanamak.
- Telangana - An important source of non Basmati rice. Popular types include Sona Masuri.
- Andhra Pradesh - Well known for Sona Masuri and several other commercially cultivated rice varieties.
- Tamil Nadu - Popular for Ponni and Jeera Samba.
- Karnataka - An important source of Sona Masuri and HMT.
- Kerala - Well known for traditional rice varieties, including Matta.
- Chhattisgarh and Odisha - Important rice-producing states. They supply several varieties of commercially cultivated rice.
Just because rice is cultivated in a particular region does not mean it will necessarily be suitable for export. Milling infrastructure, available quantities, quality consistency, packaging and distance from the port should also be taken into consideration.
Key Points to Consider When Importing Non Basmati Rice from India
Selecting the right type of rice to import is only one part of the procurement process. Buyers should also establish the exact specifications they require.
Key points to consider:
- Type - Is the rice required Sona Masuri, Ponni, IR-64, Swarna, Kolam or another variety?
- Processing - Is raw, parboiled, steamed or another form required?
- Broken - What percentage of broken rice is acceptable?
- Grain Size - What grain size is required? Are the grains consistent in size, colour and appearance?
- Moisture - What moisture level is acceptable?
- Foreign Matter - What quantity of foreign matter, damaged rice and other impurities is acceptable?
- Sortex - What Sortex level is required?
- Crop - Which crop year or season is required?
- Packaging - 25kg, 50kg or customised packaging.
- Lab Results - Request a certificate of analysis and any other required test reports.
- Shipping - What quantity is available? From which port will it be loaded? When will it be shipped? Can the supplier provide a certificate of origin, phytosanitary certificate and bill of lading?
Importers should also account for the food safety regulations, phytosanitary requirements, customs procedures, labelling regulations and import duties applicable in the destination country.
Exporting Requirements for Non Basmati Rice from India
When exporting non Basmati rice from India, businesses should ensure that they comply with the applicable export requirements.
APEDA identifies the following as important requirements when exporting rice:
- Import Export Code (IEC) - Issued by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade.
- APEDA Registration cum Membership Certificate (e-RCMC) - Required for the relevant APEDA scheduled product.
- Phytosanitary Certificate - Required if stipulated by the competent plant quarantine authority.
- Registration cum Allocation Certificate (RCAC) - APEDA requires exporters to register their export contracts. It then issues an RCAC.
- Documentation - This may include a commercial invoice, packing list, shipping bill, certificate of origin and bill of lading.
- Importing Country Requirements - Some importing countries may require pre-shipment testing, approved laboratory reports, additional certificates and specific product-related documentation.
Requirements can vary depending on the destination country. They may also change in response to government notifications. Exporters should verify the latest requirements with APEDA, DGFT and the relevant authorities in the importing country.
Conclusion
India offers a wide selection of non Basmati rice varieties. Popular types include Sona Masuri, Ponni and IR-64. There are also several speciality varieties available, such as Kalanamak, Jeera Samba, Matta and Gobindobhog.
APEDA data shows that in FY 2025-26, India exported around 15.04 million metric tonnes of non Basmati rice. This was valued at US$5.86 billion. Leading buyers included Benin, Bangladesh, Guinea, Togo and Ivory Coast.
Understanding the differences between the non Basmati rice types in India, processing forms, HS codes and quality requirements is essential. Choosing the right source for rice depends on the variety and quality required to meet buyer expectations, destination-market requirements and applicable regulations.
Disclaimer
The companies and brands listed in this article represent prominent names in the global sugar industry and are not ranked according to verified global sales. Export values are based on the 2023 World Bank WITS data referenced in the source article, while production estimates relate to the 2024/25 marketing year. Market positions, product availability and export policies may change. Buyers should independently verify supplier credentials, product specifications, current trade data and destination-country import requirements before entering into a commercial transaction.
