White pepper is the second most commonly used spice in the world. It is widely used in both Western and Eastern cuisine, particularly for its ability to compliment lighter foods and dishes.
The trade of white pepper dates back to at least the first century when it was a sought-after spice because of its purity and heat. In fact, white pepper was so highly valued that it was used as currency in regions where it was traded. The white pepper still commands a premium over black pepper based on its more delicate flavor, more complex aroma, and its use in a wider range of cuisines and dishes.
The world's largest producer of white pepper is Vietnam, followed by Brazil, Indonesia and India. Malaysia produces some 25% of the world total but exports only about 8% of this amount (i.e. only 2% of the world total). Malaysia's white pepper exports are relatively concentrated with Singapore being the largest market for Malaysian white pepper accounting for about 40% of total exports.
White pepper is produced from fully ripened red berries that have been soaked in brine to soften their outer layer. The soaking process softens the outer layer of the husk, allowing it to be rubbed off before final drying. While white pepper lacks some of the aroma and pungency of black pepper and has its own flavor that works well with light-colored sauces and soups. White pepper is one of the most popular spices which are used for cooking as well as for medicinal purposes. It is also used in many medicines as an important ingredient.
The white color of white pepper comes from the seed's internal structure, which lacks the dark outer fruit layer. White pepper has a slightly different flavor profile than black pepper because of the lack of certain phytochemicals that give black pepper its characteristic pungency and floral aroma.
India has emerged as one of the largest exporters of white pepper in recent years, accounting for more than 50 percent of global consumption. The country exported white pepper worth USD 710.95 million during 2019 (Apr-Jan).
India’s white pepper export grew at a CAGR of 1.6 percent between 2015-16 and 2018-19 (Apr-Jan).
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